They studied the “Oldest Old” Centenarians (Ashkenazis) versus several control cohorts, did whole exosome sequencing.

1.       Found that longevity related to multiple genetic variants that cluster in or around Insulin Signaling & AMPA Kinase pathways

2.       These oldest old have less AD, CV disease or DM Type2.

3.       In APOE4 carriers, having specific variants of WNT signaling pathways were protective, decreased the risk to almost non-carrier levels

4.       Interesting plot below showing these effects on longevity

Their conclusion is that multiple genetic variations related to these pathways protect individuals from AD & CVD.

The more protective variants a person has, the longer their life span.